The surfaces of the bones in the knee joint are covered by a protective layer of articular cartilage, which is smooth and allows the bones to glide easily over one another during movement. In some cases, due to injury or wear and tear, small areas of this cartilage can become damaged, forming what are known as osteochondral lesions. While these lesions can occur in any joint, they are most commonly seen in the knee and ankle. An osteochondral lesion is essentially a tear or fracture of the cartilage covering the bones of the joint. In the knee, these lesions typically occur between the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone) or between the femur and patella (knee cap). If left untreated, osteochondral lesions can lead to significant pain and discomfort during weight-bearing activities, as well as swelling, dull aching pain, knee locking or clicking, instability, and episodes of the knee giving way.

After 8 weeks of successful physiotherapy, you will be fully weight-bearing and should have full, pain-free range of motion in your knee. Physiotherapy will now focus on continuing to strengthen muscles in and around your affected knee, as well as your hip, ankle, and opposite leg for additional support. Exercises will also continue to target range of motion, gait re-education, proprioception (balance), and muscle control. At this stage, physiotherapy will include activities to improve cardiovascular fitness and muscle endurance, helping to prevent recurrence of knee problems and maximise recovery. Your physiotherapy may include: