Shoulder instability can cause the bones within the shoulder joint to slip or partially dislocate, a movement known as “subluxation.” This often produces a clunking or popping sensation, sometimes accompanied by deep shoulder pain. As a result, you may unconsciously avoid moving your arm into positions that trigger the clunking.

Some people experience a “dead arm” sensation, where the arm feels numb or weak for a few seconds following a subluxation. In severe cases, where the ligaments and capsule are very loose, the shoulder may dislocate repeatedly. Other common symptoms include pain, weakness, reduced range of motion, and feelings of instability during everyday activities or sports.