The lower back consists of the lumbar spine and the pelvis. The lumbar spine is made up of vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, spinal nerves, ligaments, and muscles. It plays a critical role in supporting body weight, enabling movement, and maintaining flexibility. The natural inward curve of the lumbar spine (known as lordosis) helps connect the spine to the pelvis and supports an upright posture. Due to its weight-bearing function and range of movement, the lower back is a common site for injury, often caused by poor posture, muscle imbalances, or disc-related issues.